Does geographic location play a role in your risk of developing dementia? A recent study from the University of California San Francisco, revealed significant regional differences in dementia diagnoses, with rates highest in the Southeast and lowest in the Mid-Atlantic. The findings offer new insights into how environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to dementia risks.
Lead author Kristine Yaffe, MD, said, “The study underscores the need to understand regional differences in dementia and the importance of region-specific prevention and intervention efforts.”
Dementia Risks by U.S. Region
Since the Mid-Atlantic had the lowest rate of dementia cases in the country, the authors used it as a baseline. Here’s how other regions compared:
- Southeast (+25%)
- Northwest and Rocky Mountains (+23%)
- South (Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas) (+18%)
- Great Lakes and Northeast (+7%)
The southeast saw a 25% higher rate of dementia incidence than the Mid-Atlantic, the highest in the nation, just ahead of the pacific northwest. The Great lakes and Northeast were the lowest, with only a 7% higher rate than the mid-Atlantic.
Why Do Dementia Rates Differ by Region?
While the reason for the differences is not settled yet, several theories point toward a combination of environmental, health, and socioeconomic factors.
- Obesity Rates : Regions with higher obesity rates may have increased dementia risks due to related conditions like diabetes and hypertension, which have been linked to an increased risk of dementia.
- Access to Healthcare : Limited access to preventative care and cognitive health screenings in certain areas may lead to higher undetected rates of the disease.
- Pollution Exposure : Air and industrial pollution could contribute to neurological issues, increasing risks in heavily industrialized areas.
- Socioeconomic and Educational Inequalities: Lower income and education levels in certain regions correlate with reduced health literacy, which can impact preventative care, and lead to more undiagnosed cases.
Dementia is Rising Rapidly in the U.S.
According to a study funded by the National Institutes of Health, dementia will affect twice as many Americans in 2060 as it does today. Increased life expectancy and a growing aging population are key drivers. By 2060, the U.S. is expected to see one million new dementia cases annually, compared to half a million per year in 2023.
The study highlights that middle-aged Americans today have a 42% lifetime risk of developing dementia after age 55. The increasing prevalence of dementia has been a catalyst for increasing research into the disease. New treatments, like a recently developed Alzheimer’s drug targeting early symptoms, are giving hope to millions of families.
What Do These Findings Mean for the Future?
Understanding regional differences in dementia rates is a step toward targeted prevention and treatment. By identifying region-specific risk factors, researchers are hoping to create tailored interventions to reduce rates and improve health outcomes. Expect future research to focus on environmental factors, healthcare access, and how targeted public health initiatives can reduce risk at both individual and community levels.
While some risk factors for dementia are beyond your control, many others are within reach. From improving your physical and social habits to advocating for better regional healthcare policies, small changes can result in significant benefits.
